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长江江豚“保姆”：守护“水中大熊猫”健康成长******

　　(新春见闻)长江江豚“保姆”：守护“水中大熊猫”健康成长

　　中新社武汉2月1日电 题：长江江豚“保姆”：守护“水中大熊猫”健康成长

　　中新社记者 马芙蓉

　　春节假期，长江江豚饲养员邓正宇只休了3天便返回岗位。“江豚对水位、水温、声音等变化极为敏感，需要人24小时守护。”邓正宇近日介绍说，照料江豚“饮食起居”，不敢有丝毫马虎。

　　长江江豚是全球唯一江豚淡水亚种、中国国家一级重点保护野生动物，被称为“水中大熊猫”。2017年长江江豚生态科学考察结果显示，其种群数量约1012头，状况极度濒危。

　　自20世纪80年代起，中国逐步探索建立了就地保护、迁地保护、人工饲养繁育三大长江江豚保护策略。其中，人工饲养繁育旨在通过开展长江豚类繁殖生物学、生理生态学、生物声学及遗传学等基础生物学研究，为就地保护、迁地保护提供技术支撑。

　　邓正宇所任职的中国科学院水生生物研究所白鱀豚馆，是中国唯一专门用于淡水鲸类饲养保育、技术研究和公众科教的饲养场馆。目前，这里生活着7头长江江豚，其中4头是在全人工环境下繁育，包括16岁的雄性江豚“淘淘”及“淘淘”的儿子“汉宝”、女儿“F9C22”。

　　据邓正宇介绍，白鱀豚馆现有4名专职饲养员，每人固定照料1至2头江豚，日常工作包括清污、喂食、检查江豚身体状况、训练江豚配合科研采样等，其中保证江豚健康是重中之重。

　　“它们不会说话，无法直接告诉你哪里不舒服。”邓正宇介绍说，一头成年江豚每天要吃4至5餐鱼，一餐进食约1公斤、用时大概10至15分钟。饲养员每天要检查江豚体表，监测其摄食量、摄食时间，据此判断其精神状态和健康状况。

　　邓正宇一直负责照顾江豚“洋洋”。“洋洋”是一头从江西鄱阳湖迁入白鱀豚馆的雌性江豚。2020年6月，“洋洋”诞下“汉宝”后，邓正宇承担起照顾“母子俩”的重任。

　　长江江豚妊娠期大约12个月，从“洋洋”怀孕到生产，邓正宇每日观察记录“洋洋”孕期状况，为它准备可口“饭菜”，喂食叶酸片和维生素片，定期采集B超影像，生怕有任何闪失。“汉宝”出生后，邓正宇把它当自己孩子一样，悉心照顾。

　　朝夕相处中，江豚与饲养员建立了亲密、信任关系。记者采访中看到，当邓正宇出现在水池边，“洋洋”与“汉宝”便快速游过来，任凭邓正宇抚摸它们的头、牙齿。邓正宇在水池边走动时，“洋洋”与“汉宝”也追着他在水中起伏。

　　成为饲养员这些年，邓正宇见证了人工饲养繁育江豚家族的不断壮大。“新的一年，希望江豚健康成长，也希望人工饲养繁育研究能取得更多突破。”他说。

　　记者从中科院水生所获悉，通过人工饲养繁育研究，该所科研人员已摸清江豚生物学特征、繁殖生理学及规律。接下来，将继续深入开展精子生物学、排卵监测、人工授精技术等研究，更加全面系统掌握江豚繁育生存机制。(完)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）